Discussion: Factors That Influence the Development of Psychopathology

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In many realms of medicine, objective diagnoses can be made: A clavicula is broken.  An infection is present. TSH levels meet the diagnostic criteria for hypothyroidism. Psychiatry, on the other hand, deals with psychological phenomena and behaviors. Can these, too, be “defined objectively and by scientific criteria (Gergen, 1985), or are they social constructions?” (Sadock et al., 2015).

Thanks to myriad advances during recent decades, we know that psychopathology is caused by many interacting factors. Theoretical and clinical contributions to the field have come from the neural sciences, genetics, psychology, and social-cultural sciences. How do these factors impact the expression, classification, diagnosis, and prevalence of psychopathology, and why might it be important for a nurse practitioner to take a multidimensional, integrative approach?

To Prepare:

• Review this week’s Learning Resources, considering the many interacting factors that contribute to the development of psychopathology.
• Consider how theoretical perspective on psychopathology impacts the work of the PMHNP.

By Day 3 of Week 1

Explain the biological (genetic and neuroscientific); psychological (behavioral and cognitive processes, emotional, developmental); and social, cultural, and interpersonal factors that influence the development of psychopathology.

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Parent Book Series:APA handbooks in psychology®Authors:Butcher, James N.. U Minnesota, Dept of Psychology, Minneapolis, MN, USKendall, Philip C.. Temple U, Dept of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USSource:APA handbook of psychopathology: Child and adolescent psychopathology., Vol. 2. Butcher, James N., (Ed); Kendall, Philip C., (Ed); pp. 3-14; Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association; 2018. xiii, 638 pp.Page Count:12ISBN:1-4338-2835-9 (Hardcover)978-1-4338-2835-5 (Hardcover)1-4338-2833-2 (Digital (undefined format))978-1-4338-2833-1 (Digital (undefined format))1-4338-2836-7 (Set)978-1-4338-2836-2 (Set)Language:EnglishKeywords:adolescent psychopathology, child psychopathology, gender differences, genetic factors, immigration status, mental health problems, overmedication, physiological factors, stress, diagnosis, prevalence, socioeconomics, developmental factors, threats, refugees, treatment accessAbstract:The psychopathology in children and adolescents can be said to be more complicated, and potentially more changeable, than adult problems. This chapter presents an overview of many of the issues that can be prominent and influential in causing abnormal behavior in children and adolescents. These issues include the evolving nature of diagnoses in children and adolescents, prevalence and incidence, genetic and physiological factors, socioeconomic considerations, developmental factors, gender differences, and perceived threats are difficult for children and adolescents. A few other issues that are discussed include stress, refugee or immigration status, limited access to treatment, and overmedication of children and adolescents with mental health problems. It discusses some of the historical contributions to the study of abnormal behavior in children and adolescents to provide a perspective on this field. The chapter provides an overview and organization of the sections and chapters of this book. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)Document Type:ChapterSubjects:*Adolescent Psychopathology; *Child Psychopathology; Adolescent Development; Childhood Development; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Genetics; Human Sex Differences; Immigration; Mental Disorders; Polypharmacy; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; ThreatPsycInfo Classification:Psychological Disorders (3210)Population:HumanAge Group:Childhood (birth-12 yrs)Adolescence (13-17 yrs)Intended Audience:Psychology: Professional & Research (PS)Format Covered:PrintPublication Type:Book; Edited BookRelease Date:20180215Correction Date:20220228Digital Object Identifier:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000065-001 Accession Number:2018-03400-001Number of Citations in Source:63Database

Examination of neurological and neuropsychological features in psychopathology.Parent Book Series:APA handbooks in psychology®Authors:Jackson, Colleen E.. Department of Psychology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USMilberg, William P.. VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USSource:APA handbook of psychopathology: Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders., Vol. 1. Butcher, James N., (Ed); Hooley, Jill M., (Ed); pp. 65-90; Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association; 2018. xxv, 809 pp.Page Count:26ISBN:1-4338-2834-0 (Hardcover)978-1-4338-2834-8 (Hardcover)1-4338-2832-4 (Digital (undefined format))978-1-4338-2832-4 (Digital (undefined format))1-4338-2836-7 (Set)978-1-4338-2836-2 (Set)Language:EnglishKeywords:anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, cognitive dysfunction, DSM–5 framework, major depressive disorder, neuropsychological assessment, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychopathology, schizophrenia, treatment outcomesAbstract:Neuropsychological assessment is commonly used to inform diagnostic and treatment outcomes in neurological, psychiatric, and mixed populations. This chapter presents an up-to-date review of the most common mental health conditions presenting with cognitive dysfunction using a fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) framework: major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. It discusses the diagnosis, with associated cognitive, neurological, and neuropathological dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction within the context of psychopathology is common and may contribute to the high rates of functional impairment found within psychiatric groups. Incorporating neuropsychological assessment into mental health treatment has the potential to contribute to improving the understanding of the cognitive impairments associated with psychiatric conditions and to use this knowledge to inform the treatment of individuals with these conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)Document Type:ChapterSubjects:*Anxiety Disorders; *Bipolar Disorder; *Major Depression; *Neuropsychological Assessment; *Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Cognitive Impairment; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; Psychopathology; Psychotherapy; SchizophreniaPsycInfo Classification:Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200)Population:HumanAge Group:Adulthood (18 yrs & older)Intended Audience:Psychology: Professional & Research (PS)Grant Sponsorship:Sponsor: Department of Veterans AffairsOther Details: Fellowship in Advanced GeriatricsRecipients: Jackson, Colleen E.Format Covered:PrintPublication Type:Book; Edited BookBook Type:Handbook/ManualRelease Date:20180212Correction Date:20201228Digital Object Identifier:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000064-004 Accession Number:2018-03401-004Number of Citations in Source:202Database:APA PsycInfo